
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
LATEST POSTS
- 1
Amid growing bipartisan scrutiny of Pete Hegseth, Trump says he 'wouldn't have wanted … a second strike' on alleged Venezuelan drug boat survivors - 2
Beddings of 2024: Track down Your Ideal Fit for a Tranquil Rest - 3
These 45 exoplanets may be the best places to search for alien life - 4
Climate leaders are talking about 'overshoot' into warming danger zone. Here's what it means - 5
Vote in favor of your Number one Sort of Cap
Sought-After Extravagance Ocean side Objections for a Lovely Escape
First Greenland, now Iceland? Annexation joke by Trump ally gets frosty response in the Arctic nation.
Brazil Passes Law to Use Seized Bitcoin, Crypto to Fund Public Security Measures
Churches and politicians in South Sudan call for 'lasting peace' in Easter messages
Senegal limits foreign trips for officials as the fallout from Iran war deepens
From Amateur to Master: My Involvement in Photography
Exemplary Fragrances: A Manual for Notorious Scents
The 10 Most Noteworthy Games in History
Dependable Savvy Locks to Update Your Home Security












